AutoTutor is in a state of constant revision. As AutoTutor's creators continue to improve upon its architecture and programming, they produce a large volume of data that relates not only to the project itself, but also to the fields of psychology, linguistics, education, cognitive science, and computer science as well. The following is a list of books, journal article and conference presentations that have been published as a result of research on AutoTutor.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Office of Naval Research. Papers to be downloaded are only drafts of articles to be published.

Edited Books

Graesser, A.C., Gernsbacher, M.A., & Goldman, S. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of discourse processes. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Table of Contents Chapter 1 PDF version

Otero, J., Leon, J.A., & Graesser, A.C. (Eds.). (2002). The psychology of science text comprehension. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Louwerse, M.M. & Van Peer, W. (2002). Thematics: Interdisciplinary Studies. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins.

Goldman, S., Graesser, A.C., & van den Broek, P. (Eds.). (1999). Narrative comprehension, causality, and coherence. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Hacker, D.J., Dunlosky, J., & Graesser, A.C. (Eds.). (1998). Metacognition in educational theory and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Britton, B.F., & Graesser, A.C. (Eds.). (1996). Models of understanding text. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lauer, T., Peacock, E., & Graesser, A. C. (Eds.). (1992). Questions and information systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Journal Articles

Lu, S., Harter, D., & Graesser, A. C. (in press). An empirical and computational investigation of perceiving and remembering event temporal relations. Cognitive Science.

Rus, V., McCarthy, P.M., McNamara, D.D., & Graesser, A.C. (in press).  A study of text entailment. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools.

Verhoeven, L., & Graesser, A.C. (in press). Introduction: Cognitive and linguistic factors in interactive knowledge construction.  Discourse Processes.  

Graesser, A.C. (2008).  Advances in text comprehension: Commentary and final perspective.  Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 425–429.

Graesser, A.C., Jeon, M., & Dufty, D. (2008). Agent technologies designed to facilitate interactive knowledge construction. Discourse Processes, 45, 298–322. DOC Version

Gholson, B., Witherspoon, A., Morgan, B., Brittingham, J., Coles, R., Graesser, A. C.,Sullins, J. & Craig, S. D. (under revision). Exploring the deep-level reasoning effect among eighth to  eleventh graders and college students in the domains of computer literacy and Newtonian physics. Instructional Science.

Graesser, A.C., D’Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., Witherspoon, A., Sullins, J., McDaniel, B., & Gholson, B. (2008). The relationship between affect states and dialogue patterns during interactions with AutoTutor. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19, 293-312. PDF Version

D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., Witherspoon, A., McDaniel, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2008). Automatic detection of learner’s affect from conversational cues. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 18(1-2), 45-80. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., & McDaniel, B. (2007). AutoTutor holds conversations with learners that are responsive to their cognitive and emotional states. Educational Technology, 47, 19-22. DOC Version

Craig S., D'Mello S., Witherspoon A., & Graesser A, (2007). Emote-Aloud during learning with AutoTutor: Applying the facial action coding system to cognitive-affective states during learning. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 777–788.

Graesser, A. C., Wiley, J., Goldman, S. R., O'Reilly, T., Jeon, M., & McDaniel, B. (2007). A SEEK Web Tutor: Fostering a critical stance while exploring the causes of volcanic eruption. Metacognition and Learning, 2(2-3), 89-105. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Jeon, M., Yang, Y., & Cai, Z. (2007). Discourse cohesion in text and tutorial dialogue. Information Design Journal, 15(3), 199-213. DOC Version

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Jordan, P., Olney, A., & Rose, C.P. (2007). When are tutorial dialogues more effective than reading? Cognitive Science, 31, 3-62. PDF Version

D’Mello, S.K., Picard, R., & Graesser, A.C. (2007). Toward an affect-sensitive AutoTutor. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 22(4), 53-61. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Views from a cognitive scientist: Cognitive representations underlying discourse are sometimes social.  Discourse Studies, 8, 59-66. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., Cai, Z., Louwerse, M., Daniel, F. (2006).  Question Understanding Aid (QUAID): A web facility that helps survey methodologists improve the comprehensibility of questions.  Public Opinion Quarterly, 70, 1-20.  PDF Version

D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., Sullins, J., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Predicting affective states through an emote-aloud procedure from AutoTutor’s mixed-initiative dialogue.  International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 16, 3-28. PDF Version

Hempelmann, C.F., Rus, V., Graesser, A.C., & McNamara, D.D. (2006).  Evaluating the state-of-the-art Treebank-style parsers for Coh-Metrix and other learning technology environments.  Natural Language Engineering, 12, 131-144. PDF Version

Jackson, G.T., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Applications of human tutorial dialog in AutoTutor: An intelligent tutoring system.  Revista Signos, 39, 31-48.  

Sanford, A.J., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Introduction: Shallow processing and underspecification.  Discourse Processes, 42, 99-108. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., Olde, B.A., Cooper-Pye, E., & Whitten, S. (2005).  Question asking and eye tracking during cognitive disequilibrium: Comprehending illustrated texts on devices when the devices break down.  Memory and Cognition, 33, 1235-1247. DOC Version 

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., & VanLehn, K. (2005).  Scaffolding deep comprehension strategies through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART. Educational Psychologist, 40, 225-234. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., Pomeroy, V., Whitten, S., Lu, S., & Craig, S. (2005).  Inferences and questions in science text comprehension.  Tarbiya (a Spanish journal), 36, 103-128.

Graesser, A.C., Chipman, P., Haynes, B.C., & Olney, A. (2005).  AutoTutor: An intelligent tutoring system with mixed-initiative dialogue.  IEEE Transactions in Education, 48, 612-618. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., Olde, B.A., Cooper-Pye, E., & Whitten, S. (2005). Question asking and eye tracking during cognitive disequilibrium: Comprehending illustrated texts on devices when the devices break down. Memory and Cognition, 33, 1235-1247. DOC Version

Hu, X, Cai, Z. & Graesser, A. C. (2005). Adaptive resolution method for Latent Semantic Analysis. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 49(1), 92.

Louwerse, M.M., Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., & Mitchell, H.H. (2005). Social cues in animated conversational agents. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 19, 693-704. PDF Version

Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2004).  Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA):  Learning about research ethics with intelligent learning modules.   Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36,  241-249. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., Jackson, G.T., Mitchell, H., Ventura, M., Olney, A., & Louwerse, M.M. (2004).  AutoTutor: A tutor with dialogue in natural language.  Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 180-193. PDF Version   

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Person, P., Jackson, T., and Toth, J. (2004). Modules and information retrieval facilities of the Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA). International Journal on eLearning.  PDF version

Craig, S.D., Graesser, A.C., Sullins, J., & Gholson, B. (2004). Affect and learning: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning. Journal of Educational Media, 29, 241-250.  PDF version

Song, K., Hu,X., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2004). A framework of synthesizing tutoring conversation capability with web based distance education courseware. Computers & Education.

Graesser, A.C., & Olde, B.A. (2003). How does one know whether a person understands a device? The quality of the questions the person asks when the device breaks down. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 524-536. DOC version

Driscoll, D., Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., Ventura, M., Hu, X., & Graesser, A. (2003) Vicarious Learning: Effects of Overhearing Dialogue and Monologue-like discourse in a Virtual Tutoring session. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 29, 431-450. PDF version

Louwerse, M.M. & Mitchell, H.H. (2003). Towards a taxonomy of a set of discourse markers in dialog: a theoretical and computational linguistic account. Discourse Processes, 35(3), 199-239.

Graesser, A.C., Person, N., & Hu, X. (2002). Improving comprehension through discourse processes. New Directions in Teaching and Learning, 89, 33-44. PDF version

Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., & Driscoll, D. (2002) Animated Pedagogical Agents in Multimedia Educational Environments: Effects of Agent Properties, Picture Features, and Redundancy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 428-434. PDF version  

Louwerse, M., Graesser, A., Hu, X., Person, N. (2002). The Role of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Education: An Overview of AutoTutor. In Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Louwerse, M.M. (2002). An analytic and cognitive parameterization of coherence relations. Cognitive Linguistics, 291-315.

Vidal-Abarca, E., Reyes, H., Gilabert, R., Calpe, J., Soria, E., & Graesser, A.C. (2002). ETAT: Expository text analysis tool. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 34, 93-107.

Graesser, A.C., Person, N., Harter, D., & TRG (2001). Teaching tactics and dialog in AutoTutor. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., VanLehn, K., Rose, C., Jordan, P., & Harter, D. (2001). Intelligent tutoring systems with conversational dialogue. AI Magazine, 22, 39-51. PDF version

Link, K. E., Kreuz, R. J., Graesser, A. C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2001). Factors that influence the perception of feedback delivered by a pedagogical agent. International Journal of Speech Technology, 4, 145-153. PDF version

Otero, J., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). PREG: Elements of a model of question asking. Cognition & Instruction, 19, 143-175. PDF version

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., Kreuz, R.J., Pomeroy, V., & TRG. (2001). Simulating human tutor dialog moves in AutoTutor. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 12, 23-39.

Rajan, S., Craig, S.D., Gholson, B., Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & TRG. (2001). AutoTutor: Incorporating backchannel feedback and other human-like conversational behaviors into an intelligent tutoring system. International Journal of Speech Technology, 4, 117-126. PDF version

Whitten, S.N. (2001). Introduction: The psychology of themes. Poetics, 29, 135-138.

Graesser, A., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Harter, D.,Person, N., & the Tutoring Research Group. (2000). Using Latent Semantic Analysis to evaluate the contributions of students in AutoTutor. Interactive Learning Environments, 8 ,149-169. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Kreuz, R., & Wiemer-Hastings, P. , & Marques, K. (2000). QUAID: A questionnaire evaluation aid for survey methodologists. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 32, 254-262.

Craig, S., Gholson B., Ventura, M., Graesser, A. C. & the TRG (2000). Overhearing dialogues and monologues in a virtual tutoring session: Effects on questioning and vicarious learning. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 11, 242-253. PDF version

Wharton, C., Thompson, J., Sevostianov, A., Graesser, A.C., Fromm, S.J., Courtney, S., Bowles, A., & Braun, A. (2000). Phonological working memory in narrative construction: An fMRI study. Neuroimage, 11, S356.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Graesser, A.C. (2000). Supporting composition feedback with LSA in Select-a-Kibitzer. Interactive Learning Environments, 8, 149-169.

Graesser, A.C., Bowers, C., Olde, B., White, K., & Person, N. (1999). Who knows what: Propagation of knowledge among agents in a literary storyworld. Poetics: Journal of Empirical Research on Literature, the Media, and the Arts, 26, 143-175.

Graesser, A.C., Bowers, C.A., Olde, B., & Pomeroy, V. (1999). Who said what? Source memory for narrator and character agents in literary short stories. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 284-300.

Graesser, A., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Kreuz, R., &the Tutoring Research Group (1999). AutoTutor: A simulation of a human tutor. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, 1,35-51. PDF version

Franklin, S.B., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). A software agent model of consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 285-301.

Krovi, R., Graesser, A.C., and Pracht, W.E. (1999). Agent behaviors in virtual negotiation environments. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 29, 15-25.

Louwerse, M.M. (1999) Computational thematics: Where to start? Journal of Literary Semantics, 28(1), 1-19.

Magliano, J., Trabasso, T., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). Strategic processing during comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 615-629.

Ottati, V., Rhoads, S., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). The effect of metaphor on processing style in a persuasion task: A motivational resonance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 688-697.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). Perceiving abstract concepts. Brain and Behavior Sciences.

Graesser, A. C., Person, N. K., & Magliano, J. P. (1995). Collaborative dialogue patterns in naturalistic one-to-one tutoring. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 1-28.

Person, N. K., Kreuz, R. J., Zwaan, R., & Graesser, A. C. (1995). Pragmatics and pedagogy: Conversational rules and politeness strategies may inhibit effective tutoring. Cognition and Instruction, 13, 161-188.

Person, N. K., Graesser, A. C., Magliano, J. P., & Kreuz, R. J. (1994). Inferring what the student knows in one-to-one tutoring: The role of student questions and answers. Learning and Individual Differences, 6, 205-219. PDF version

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Book Chapters

Graesser, A.C., Lin, D., & D.Mello, S. (in press).  Computer learning environments that support deep comprehension.  In M.T. Banich and D. Caccamise (Eds.), Generalization of knowledge.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Chipman, P., Leeming, F., & Biedenback, S. (in press). Deep learning and emotion in serious games. In Ritterfeld, U., Cody, M. & Vorderer, P. (Eds.), Serious Games: Mechanisms and Effects. Mahwah, NJ: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., & Louwerse, M.M. (in press).  Methods of automated text analysis.  In M.L. Kamil, P.D. Pearson, E.B. Moje, and P. Afflerbach (Eds.), Handbook of Reading Research, Volume IV.  

Graesser, A.C. (in press).  Question interpretation. In S.J. Best and B. Ratcliff (Eds.), Polling America: An encyclopedia of public opinion.  Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. DOC Version 

Graesser, A.C., & Morgan, B. (in press).  An analysis of Will Van Peer’s scholarly contributions with an automated text analysis tool called coh-Metrix.  In S. Zyngier, M. Bortolussi, A. Chesnokova, and J. Auracher (Eds.), Directions in empirical literary studies: Essays in honor of Willie Van Peer.  Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  

De Vega, M., Graesser, A.C., & Glenberg, A. (in press).  Reflections on the debate.  In M. de Vega, A. Glenberg, and A.C. Graesser (Eds.), Symbols, embodiment, and meaning.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Glenberg, A., de Vega, M., & Graesser, A.C. (in press).  Framing the debate.  In M. de Vega, A. Glenberg, and A.C. Graesser (Eds.), Symbols, embodiment, and meaning.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Graesser, A.C., & Jackson, G.T. (in press). Body and symbol in AutoTutor: Conversations that are responsive to the learners’ cognitive and emotional states. In M. de Vega, A. Glenberg, and A.C. Graesser (Eds.), Symbols, embodiment, and meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Graesser, A. C., Jeon, M., Cai, Z., & McNamara, D. S. (2008). Automatic analyses of language, discourse, and situation models. In J. Auracher & W. van Peer (Eds.), New beginnings in literary studies (pp. 72–88). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Rus., V., D’Mello, S., & Jackson, G.T. (2008).  AutoTutor: Learning through natural language dialogue that adapts to the cognitive and affective states of the learner. In D.H. Robinson and G. Schraw (Eds.), Recent innovations in educational technology that facilitate student learning  (pp. 95-125). PDF Version    

Graesser, A.C., Chipman, P., & King, B.G. (2008). Computer mediated technologies. In J.M. Spector, M.D. Merrill, J.J.G. van Merrienboer, and M.P. Driscoll (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, Edition 3 (pp. 211-224). London: Taylor & Francis

Graesser, A.C., & McDaniel, B. (2007).  Conversational agents can provide formative assessment, constructive learning, and adaptive instruction.  In C.Dwyer (Ed.), The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning (pp. 85-112).  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C. (2007).  An introduction to strategic reading comprehension.  In D. McNamara (Ed.), Theories of text comprehension: The importance of reading strategies to theoretical foundations of reading comprehension (pp. 3-26).  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A.C., Jeon, M., & McDaniel, B. (2007). Surevey interviews with new communication technologies: Synthesis and future opportunities. In F.G. Conrad and M.F. Schober (Eds.), Envisioning the survey interview of the future (pp. 267-284). New York: Wiley. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., McNamara, D., Olney, A., Cai, Z., & Mitchell, H. (2007). Inference generation and cohesion in the construction of situation models: Some connections with computational linguistics. In F. Schmalhofer and C. Perfetti (Eds.), Higher level language processes in the brain: Inferences and comprehension processes. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., & Rus, V. (2007). Computational modeling of discourse and conversation. In M. Spivey, M. Joanisse, & K. McRae (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Graesser, A.C., Penumatsa, P., Ventura, M., Cai, Z., & Hu, X. (2007). Using LSA in AutoTutor: Learning through mixed initiative dialogue in natural language. In T. Landauer, D. McNamara, S. Dennis, and W. Kintsch (Eds.), Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis (pp. 243-262). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC Version

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Wiemer-Hasting, P., Graesser, A., & McNamara, D.S. (2007). Strengths, limitations, and extensions of LSA. In T. Landauer, D.S., McNamara, S. Dennis, & W. Kintsch (Eds.), Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

VanderVeen, A., Huff, K., Gierl, M., McNamara, D.S., Louwerse, M., & Graesser, A.C. (2007). Developing and validating instructionally relevant reading competency profiles measured by the critical reading sections of the SAT. In D.S. McNamara (Ed.), Theories of text comprehension: The importance of reading strategies to theoretical foundations of reading comprehension (pp. ). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Wisher, R.A., & Graesser, A.C. (2007). Question asking in advanced distributed learning environments. In S.M. Fiore and E. Salas (Eds.), Toward a science of distributed learning and training (pp. 209-234). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., & Person, N. P.  (2006).  Discourse: Cognitive perspective.  In J.W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Macmillan.

Person, N.P., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Pedagogical agents and tutors.  In J.W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 1169-1172).  New York: Macmillan. DOC Version

Hacker, D.J., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  The role of dialogue in reciprocal teaching and naturalistic tutoring.  In R. Horowitz (Ed.), Talk about text: How speech and writing interact in school learning.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.    

Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Macrostructure.  In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd ed.  Oxford: Elsevier. PDF Version

Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2005).  Coherence in discourse.  In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd ed.  Oxford: Elsevier. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., Person, N., Lu, Z., Jeon, M., & McDaniel, B. (2005).  Learning while holding a conversation with a computer.  In L. PytlikZillig, M. Bodvarsson, & R. Bruning (Eds.), Technology-based education: Bringing researchers and practitioners together (pp. 143-167).  Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Haynes, B.C., & Chipman, P. (2005).  AutoTutor: A cognitive system that simulates a tutor that facilitates learning through mixed-initiative dialogue.  In C. Forsythe, M.L. Bernard, and T.E. Goldsmith (Eds.), Cognitive systems: Human cognitive models in systems design.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC version

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Haynes, B.C., & Chipman, P. (2005).  AutoTutor: A cognitive system that simulates a tutor that facilitiates learning through mixed-initiaive dialogue.  In C. Forsythe, M.L. Bernard, and T.E. Goldsmith (Eds.), Cognitive systems: Human cognitive models in systems design.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., & Petschonek, S. (2005).  Automated systems that analyze text and discourse: QUAID, Coh-Metrix, and AutoTutor.  In W. R. Lenderking and D. Revicki (Eds.), Advancing health outcomes research methods and clinical applications.  McLean, VA: Degnon Associates. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., & McNamara,D.S. (2005). Computerized learning environments that incoporate research in discourse psychology, cognitive science, and computational linguistics.  In A.F. Healy (Ed.), Experimental Cognitive Psychology and its Applications: Festschrift in Honor of Lyle Bourne, Walter Kintsch, and Thomas Landauer.  Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. DOC Version

Wisher, R.A., & Graesser, A.C. (2005).  Question asking in advanced distributed learning environments. In S.M. Fiore and E. Salas (Eds.), Toward a science of distributed learning and training.  Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

DiPaolo, R.E., Graesser, A.C., White, H.A., & Hacker, D.J. (2004).  Hints in human and computer tutoring.  In M. Rabinowitz (Ed.), The design of instruction and evaluation (pp. 155-182).  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Louwerse, M.M. & Graesser, A.C. (2004). Coherence in discourse. In Strazny, P. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Chicago, Fitzroy Dearborn.

Graesser, A. C., Gernsbacher, M. A., & Goldman, S. R. (2003). Introduction to the Handbook of Discourse Processes. In A. C. Graesser, M. A. Gernsbacher, & S. R. Goldman (Eds.), Handbook of discourse processes (pp 1-24). DOC version

Graesser, A. C., McNamara, D. S., & Louwerse, M. M. (2003). What do readers need to learn in order to process coherence relations in narrative and expository text. In A.P. Sweet and C.E. Snow (Eds.), Rethinking reading comprehension. New York : Guilford Publications.PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B. A., & Klettke, B. (2002). How does the mind construct and represent stories? In M. Green, J. Strange, and T. Brock (Eds.), Narrative Impact: Social and Cognitive Foundations. Mahwah: NJ: Erlbaum. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., Pomeroy, V., Whitten, S., Lu, S., & Craig, S.Sanford, (2002). Inferences and questions in science text comprehension. In J. Otero and M. H. Caldeira (Eds.), Comprension de los textos de ciencias. Madrid: Ed. Paidos. PDF versionSanford,

Graesser, A.C., & Person, N. P. (2002). Discourse: Cognitive perspective. In J.W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Macmillan. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Leon, J.A., & Otero, J.C. (2002). Introduction to the psychology of science text comprehension. In J. Otero, J.A. Leon, & A.C. Graesser (Eds). The psychology of science text comprehension (pp. 1-15). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. PDF version

Grasser, A. C., Leon, J. A., & Otero, J. C. (2002). Introduction to the psychology of science text comprehension. In J. Otero, J. A. Leon, & A. C. Graesser (Eds). The psychology od science text comprehension (pp. 1-24).

Hacker, D. J., & Graesser, A. C. (2002). The role of dialogue in reciprocal teaching and naturalistic tutoring. In R. Horowitz (Ed.), Talk about text: Developing understanding about the world through talk and text. Publication of the International Reading Association.

DiPaolo, R.E., Graesser, A.C., Hacker, D.J., White, H.A., & TRG (2002). Hints in human and computer tutoring. In M. Rabinowitz (Ed.), The impact of media on technology of instruction. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. PDF version

Person, N. P., & Graesser, A.C. (2002). Pedagogical agents and tutors. In J. W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Macmillan.

Louwerse, M.M. & Van Peer, W. (2002). Introduction. In M. M. Louwerse & W. van Peer (eds.), Thematics: Interdisciplinary Studies (pp. 1-17). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins

Louwerse, M.M. (2002). Computational retrieval of themes. In Louwerse, M.M. & Van Peer, W. (2002). Thematics: Interdisciplinary Studies (pp. 189-212). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins.

Graesser, A.C. (2001). Is Siegfried Schmidt’s constructivism alive and well today? In A. Barsch, G. Rusch, and R. Viehoff (Eds.), Leitideen-Leitdifferenzen: Festschrift for Siegfried Schmidt.

Graesser, A.C., Klettke, B. (2001). Plot, agency, and a structural affect theory of literary short story comprehension. In S. Steen and D. Schram (Eds.), Psychology and Sociology of Literature. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Pomeroy, V., & Craig, S. (2001). Psychological and computational research on theme comprehension. In W. van Peer and M.M. Louwerse (Eds.), Thematics in psychology and literary studies (pp. 19-34). Albany: SUNY Press. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (2001). Constructing inferences and relations during text comprehension. In T.Sanders, J. Schilperoord, & W. Spooren (Eds.), Text representation: Linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects. (pp. 249-271). Amsterdam: Benjamins. PDF version

Person, N. K., Graesser, A. C., Bautista, L., Mathews, E. C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2001). Evaluating Student Learning Gains in Two Versions of AutoTutor. In J. D. Moore, C. L. Redfield, & W. L. Johnson (Eds.) Artificial intelligence in education: AI-ED in the wired and wireless future (pp. 286-293). Amsterdam, IOS Press. PDF version

Louwerse, M.M. (2001). Context in Causal and Diagnostic Readings: Cognitive Evidence from Eye Tracking. In: Degand, L., Bestgen, Y., Spooren, W. & Waes, L. (eds.). Multidisciplinary Approaches to Discourse (pp. 11-26). Amsterdam & Muenster, Uitgaven Stichting Neerlandistiek VU, Nodus.

Graesser, A.C., Bowers, C.A., Bayen, U.J., Hu, X. (2000). Who said what? Who knows what? Tracking speakers and knowledge in narrative. In W. van Peer & S. Chatman, (Eds.), Narrative perspective: Cognition and emotion (pp. 255-272). New York: SUNY Press.

Craig, S.D., Hu, X., Marks, W., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (1999). Source Monitoring among multiple virtual agents: A study of who said what. In G. Cumming, T. Okamoto, &L. Gomez (Eds.), Advanced research in computers and communications in education: New human abilities for the networked society, Vol. 1 (pp. 141-148). Washington, DC: IOS Press.

Graesser, A.C., Kennedy, T., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Ottati, V. (1999). The use of computational cognitive models to improve questions on surveys and questionnaires. In M.G. Sirken, D.J. Hermann, S. Schechter, N. Schwarz, J.M. Tanur, & R. Tourangeau (Eds.), Cognition and survey methods research (pp 69-86). New York: Wiley.

Graesser, A.C., Kennedy, T., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Ottati, V.C. (1999). The use of computational cognitive models to improve questions on surveys and questionnaires. In M.G. Sirken, T. Jabine, G. Willis, E. Martin, & C. Tucker (Eds), A new agenda for interdisciplinary survey research methods (p. 28). Hyatstsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Graesser, A.C., & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (1999). Situation models and concepts in story comprehension. In Goldman, S.R., Graesser, A.C., and van den Broek, P. (Eds). Narrative comprehension, causality, and coherence (pp. 77-92). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum

Goldman, S.R., Graesser, A.C., & van den Broek, P. (1999). Essays in honor of Tom Trabasso. In Goldman, S.R., Graesser, A.C., and van den Broek, P. (Eds). Narrative comprehension, causality, and coherence (pp. 1-10). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Magliano, J.P., Zwaan, R.A., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). The role of situational continuity in narrative understanding. In S.R. Goldman and H. van Oostendorp (Eds.), The construction of mental representations during reading. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Whitten, S.N., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). Lo studio sistematico della comprensione del discorso (The systematic study of discourse comprehension.) In A. Nemesio (Ed.), L’esperienza del testo (Empirical research on text studies.) Meltemi Editore: Rome

Person, N. K., & Graesser, A. C. (1999). Evolution of discourse in cross-age tutoring. In A. M. O'Donnell and A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 69-86). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Bowers, C. A., Hacker, D.J., & Person, N. K. (1998). An anatomy of naturalistic tutoring. In K. Hogan and M. Pressley (Eds.), Scaffolding of instruction. Brookline Books.

Refereed Conference Proceedings

D’Mello, S. D., Taylor, R., Davidson, K., & Graesser, A. C. (2008). Self versus teacher judgments of learner emotions during a tutoring session with AutoTutor. In B. P. Woolf, E. Aimeur, R. Nkambou, & S. Lajoie (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 9th International Conference (pp. 9–18). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

Gholson, B., Graesser, A. C., & Craig, S. D. (2008). An implementation of vicarious learning with deep-level reasoning questions in middle school and high school classrooms. Paper in symposium on Enhancing learning using adaptive computerized tutoring in K–12 settings, organized by C. O’Donnell and R. Harwood. In B. C. Love, K. McRae, & V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 695–696). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

McCarthy, P. M., Briner, S. W., Myers, J. C., Graesser, A. C., & McNamara, D. S. (2008). Are three words all we need? Recognizing genre at the sub-sentential level. In B. C. Love, K. McRae, & V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 613–618). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

McCarthy, P. M., Rus, V., Crossley, S. S., Graesser, A. C., & McNamara, D. S. (2008). Assessing forward-, reverse-, and average-entailer indices on natural language input from the intelligent tutoring system, iSTART. In D. C. Wilson & H. Chad Lane (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 165–170). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Rus, V., McCarthy, P. M., Lintean, M. C., McNamara, D. S., & Graesser, A. C. (2008). Paraphrase identification with lexico-syntactic graph subsumption. In D. C. Wilson & H. Chad Lane (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 201–206). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Graesser, A. C. Chipman, P., King, B., McDaniel, B., & D’Mello, S. (2007). Emotions and Learning with AutoTutor. In R. Luckin, K. Koedinger, & J. Greer (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building technology rich learning contexts that work. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press. PDF Version

D'Mello, S. K., Chipman, P., & Graesser, A. C. (2007). Posture as a predictor of learner’s affective engagement. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 905-910). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF Version

D'Mello, S. K., Taylor, R., & Graesser, A. C. (2007). Monitoring Affective Trajectories during Complex Learning. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 203-208). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF Version

D'Mello, S. K., & Graesser, A. C. (2007). Mind and Body: Dialogue and Posture for Affect Detection in Learning Environments. In R. Luckin, K. Koedinger, & J. Greer (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building technology rich learning contexts that work. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press. PDF Version

Jackson, G. T., & Graesser, A. C. (2007). Content Matters: An investigation of feedback categories within an ITS. In R. Luckin, K. Koedinger, & J. Greer (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building technology rich learning contexts that work. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press.

McCarthy, P.M., Rus, V., Crossley, S.A., Bigham, S.C., Graesser, A.C., & McNamara, D.S. (2007). Assessing entailer with a corpus of natural language. In D. Wilson and G. Sutcliffe (Eds.), Proceedings of the twentieth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 247-252). Menlo Park, California: The AAAI Press. PDF Version

McDaniel, B. T., D'Mello, S. K., King, B. G., Chipman, P., Tapp, K., & Graesser, A. C. (2007). Facial Features for Affective State Detection in Learning Environments. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 467-472). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF Version

Graesser, A. C., D'ello, S. K., Chipman, P., King, B., and McDaniel, B. (2007). Exploring Relationships Between Affect and Learning with AutoTutor. Supplementary Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2007), (pp 16-23)

Graesser, A., C. and D'ello, S. K. (2007, July). Inferring Emotions in Tutorial Dialogue. Presented at 17th annual meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse, Glasgow, Scotland. PDF Version

D'Mello, S., Taylor, R., Tapp K., King, B., and Graesser, A. C. (2007, April). Posture as a Predictor of Learners?Affective Engagement: Boredom and Flow. Presented at the 2007 Annual AERA Meeting. PDF Version

Rus, V., McCarthy, P. M., Lintean, M. C., Graesser, A. C., & McNamara, D.S. (2007). Assessing student self-explanations in an intelligent tutoring system. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 623-628). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

Rus, V., McCarthy, P.M., Lintean, M.C., Graesser, A.C., & McDaniel, D. (2007). Deep natural language processing for evaluating student self-explanations in iSTART. In the Proceedings of the 2003 Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Conference (pp. 422-427).  Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.  

Graesser, A.C., Witherspoon, A., McDaniel, B., D'Mello, S., Chipman, P., Gholson, B. (2006). Detection of emotions during learning with AutoTutor.  In R. Son (Ed.), Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. (pp. 285-290). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Cai, Z., Rus, V., Kim, H.J., Susarla S., Karnam, P., & Graesser A.C., (2006). NLGML: A Natural Language Generation Markup Language.  In T. C. Reeves, S. F. Yamashita (Eds.), Proceedings of E-Learn 2006 (pp. 2747-2752). Honolulu, Hawaii. AACE.

D'Mello, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Affect detection from human-computer dialogue with an intelligent tutoring system.  In J. Gratch, M. Young, R. Aylett, D. Ballin, and P. Oliver (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Intelligent Virtual Agents: 6th International Conference (pp. 54-67). Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. PDF Version

Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C., Kim, H.J. (2006). AutoTutor 3-D Simulations: Analyzing user's actions and learning trends. In R. Son (Ed.), Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. (pp. 1557-1562). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Rus, V., McCarthy, P.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Analysis of a text entailer.  In A. Gelbukh (Ed.), Lecture notes in computer science: Computational linguistics in intelligent text processing: 7^th international conference (pp. 287-298).  New York: Springer Verlag.

Rus, V., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Deeper natural language processing for evaluating student answers in intelligent tutoring systems.  In the Proceedings of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI.

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Ventura, M., & Jackson, G.T. (2005).  AutoTutor coverage of expectations during tutorial dialogue.  In the Proceedings of the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society.  Menlo Park, AAAI.    

Chipman, P., Olney, A., & Graesser, A. C. (2005). The AutoTutor 3 architecture: A software architecture for an expandable, high-availability ITS. In J. Cordeiro, V. Pedrosa, B. Encarnacao, & J. Filipe (Eds.), Proceedings of WEBIST 2005: First International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 466-473). Portugal: INSTICC Press.

D'Mello, S. K., Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., Franklin, S., Picard, R.,& Graesser, A. C. (2005). Integrating affect sensors in an intelligent tutoring system. In Affective Interactions: The Computer in the Affective Loop Workshop at 2005 International conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 7-13). New York: AMC Press. PDF Version

D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., McDaniel, B., Witherspoon, A., Sullins, J., Gholson, B., Graesser, A.C. (2005).  The relationship between affective states and dialog patterns during interactions with AutoTutor.  Proceedings for the e-Learning 2005: World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Business.  Vancouver, CA: AACE. PDF Version

Jeon, M., O'Reilly, T., McDaniel, B., Graesser, A.C., Goldman, S., & Wiley, J. (2005).  Scaffolding critical thinking on SEEK.  Proceedings for the e-Learning 2005: World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Business (pp.2123-2128)  Vancouver, CA: AACE. PDF Version

Baylor, A.L., Cole, R., Graesser, A., & Johnson, W.L. (2005).  Pedagogical agent research and development: Next steps and future possibilities.  In C. Looi, G. McCalla, B. Bredeweg, and J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting learning through intelligent and socially informed technology (pp. 985).  Amsterdam: IOS Press.  

Hempelmann, C.F., Dufty, D., McCarthy, P., Graesser, A.C., Cai, Z., & McNamara, D.S. (2005).  Using LSA to automatically identify givenness and newness of noun-phrases in written discourse.  In B. Bara (Ed.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.  

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005).  Computer simulation as an instructional technology in AutoTutor.  In C. Looi, G. McCalla, B. Bredeweg, and J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting learning through intelligent and socially informed technology (pp. 845-847).  Amsterdam: IOS Press.  

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005). The effectiveness of computer simulations in a computer-based learning environment.  Proceedings for the e-Learning 2005: World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Business.  Vancouver, CA: AACE.   

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Jordan, P., Olney, A., & Rose, C.P. (2005).  When is reading just as effective as one-on-one interactive tutoring? .  In B. Bara (Ed.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.  

Cai, Z., McNamara, D. S., Louwerse, M., Hu, X., Rowe, M. & Graesser, A. C. (2004). NLS: A Non-Latent Similarity Algorithm. In K. D. Forbus, D. Gentner, & T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.  PDF version

Jackson, G.T., Person, N.K., and Graesser, A.C. (2004) Adaptive Tutorial Dialogue in AutoTutor. Proceedings of the workshop on Dialog-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems at the 7th International conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil, 9-13.

Jackson, G.T., Ventura, M.J., Chewle, P., Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (2004). The Impact of Why/AutoTutor on Learning and Retention of Conceptual Physics. .  In J.C. Lester, R.M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 501-510).  Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Person, N.K., Hancock, J.T., Burke, A.C., & Graesser, A.C. (2004).  A linguistic model that infers user states and traits.  ITS 2004 Workshop Proceedings on Social and Emotional Intelligence in Learning Environments. Maceio, Brazil. DOC version

Ventura, M.J.,  Franchescetti, D.R.,  Pennumatsa, P.,   Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Hu, X., Cai, Z., and the Tutoring Research Group (2004). Combining Computational Models of Short Essay Grading for Conceptual Physics Problems.  In J.C. Lester, R.M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2004 (pp. 423-431).  Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Louwerse, M.M., McCarthy, P.M., McNamara, D.S., Graesser, A.C. (2004). Variation in language and cohesion across written and spoken registers. In K.D. Forbus, D. Gentner, T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. xx-xx). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Ventura, M., Jackson, G.T., Mueller, J., Hu, X., & Person, N. (2003). The impact of conversational navigational guides on the learning, use, and perceptions of users of a web site. Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium 2003 on Agent-mediated Knowledge Management. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press.

Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Mitchell, H.H., Olney, A.,Ventura, M., Chipman, P., Franceschetti, D., Hu, X., Louwerse, M.M., Person, N.K., & TRG (2003). Why/AutoTutor: A test of learning gains from a physics tutor with natural language dialog. Proceedings of the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. PDF version

Graesser, A.C. (2003). AutoTutor and other conversational agents that scaffold learning. In F. Schmalhofer, R.M. Young, and G. Katz (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Society (p. 11). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A.C., Moreno, K., Marineau, J., Adcock, A., Olney, A., & Person, N. (2003). AutoTutor improves deep learning of computer literacy: Is it the dialog or the talking head? In U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo, and J. Kay (Eds.), Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education. (pp, 47-.54). Amsterdam: IOS Press. (finalist for outstanding paper award). PDF version

Craig, S.D., & Graesser, A. (2003). Why am I confused: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning. In Antonio Méndez-Vilas and J.A.Mesa González (Eds.) Advances in Technology-based Education: Towards a Knowledge-based Society (Vol 3, pp. 1903-1906). Badajoz, Spain: Junta De Extremadura. PDF version

Craig, S.D., Driscoll, D.,Sullins, J., & Gholson, B. (2003) Knowledge construction from multimedia learning environments: The role of interactivity, collaboration and vicarious learning. In Antonio Méndez- Vilas and J.A.Mesa González(Eds.) Advances in Technology-based Education: Towards a Knowledge-based Society Vol 3. pp. 1903-1906. Badajoz, Spain: Junta De Extremadura.

Franceschetti, D., Adcock, A., & Graesser, A.A. (2003). Analysis of strategies in expert tutoring dialog for use in intelligent tutoring system development. In R. Alterman and D. Hirsh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1). Boston, MA: Cognitive Science Society.

Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Lin, K., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C. (2003). Modeling student performance to enhance the pedagogy of AutoTutor. In the Proceedings of the 2003 conference on User Modeling.

Hu, X., Cai, Z. Louwerse, M., Olney, A., Penumatsa, P., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). Proceedings of the 2003 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Franceschetti, D., Penumatsa,P., Graesser, A.C.,Louwerse, M.M., McNamara, D.S., & TRG (2003). LSA: The first dimension and dimensional weighting. Proceedings of the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. xx). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Louwerse, M.M., Graesser, A.C. and the Tutoring Research Group (2003). Language use in intelligent tutoring systems: mixed-initiative dialog in AutoTutor. In A.K. Noor (Ed.), Proceedings of workshop on Advanced learning technologies and learning networks and their impact on future aerospace workforce (pp. 251-276). Hanover, MD: NASA Center for Aerospace Information (NASA/CP-2003-212437).

Mathews, E. C., Jackson, G. T., Olney, A., Chipman, P. & Graesser, A. C. (2003). Achieving Domain Independence in AutoTutor. In N. Callaos, M. Margenstern, J. Zhang, O. Castillo, E. Doberkat (Eds.), The Seventh World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics Proceedings: Computer Science and Engineerings I, Vol. 5 (pp. 172-176). Orlando: IIIS.

Mathews, E., Jackson, G.T., Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). Discourse patterns in Why/AutoTutor. In the Proceedings of the 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium Series on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialog (pp.97-103). Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press.

Mathews, E., Person, N.K., Jackson, G.T., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). The impact of conversational navigational guides on the learning, use, and perceptions of users of a web site. In the Proceedings of the 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium Series on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialog. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Olney , A., Louwerse, M., Mathews, E., Marineau, J., Hite-Mitchell, H., & Graesser, A. (2003). Utterance Classification in AutoTutor. In J. Burstein & C. Leacock (Eds.), Building Educational Applications using Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology - North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference 2003 Workshop, May 31, ( pp. 1-8). Philadelphia: Association for Computational Linguistics. PDF version

Person, N., & Graesser, A.C. (2003). Fourteen facts about human tutoring: Food for thought for ITS developers. In V. Aleven, U. Hoppe, J. Kay, R. Mizoguchi, H. Pain, F. Verdejo, and K. Yacef (Eds.), AIED Supplemental Proceedings (pp. 335-344). Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney School of Information Technologies. DOC Version

Penumatsa, P., Ventura, M., Olde, B.A., Franceschetti, D.R., Graesser,A.C., & TRG (2003). The right threshold value: What is the right threshold of cosine measure when using latent semantic analysis for evaluating student answers? In the Proceedings of the 2003 Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Conference. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Susarla, S., Adcock, A., Van Eck, R., Moreno, K., & Graesser, A.C. (2003). Development and evaluation of a lesson authoring tool for AutoTutor. In V. Aleven, U. Hoppe, J. Kay, R. Mizoguchi, H. Pain, F. Verdejo, and K. Yacef (Eds.), AIED2003 Supplemental Proceedings (pp. 378-387). Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney School of Information Technologies. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Person, N.K., Stewart, C., Toth, J., Jackson, G.T., Susarla, S., Ventura, M. (2002). Learning about the ethical treatment of human subjects in experiments on a web facility with a conversational agent and ITS components. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002 (pp. 972-981). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Person, N.K.,Jackson, G.T., and Toth, J (2002). Modules and information retrieval facilities of the Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA). In M. Driscoll and T. C. Reeves (Eds.), Proceedings for E-Learning 2002: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, & Higher Education (pp. 353-360). Montreal, Canada: AACE. (Outstanding Paper Award)

Graesser, A. C., Hu, X., Olde, B. A., Ventura, M., Olney, A., Louwerse, M., Franceschetti, D. R., Person, N.K. ( 2002). Implementing latent semantic analysis in learning environments with conversational agents and tutorial dialog. In W. G. Gray and C. D. Schunn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp 37). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. PDF version

Craig, S. D. & Gholson, B. (2002). Does an agent matter?: The Effects of Animated Pedagogical Agents on Multimedia Environments. In Barker P. & Rebelsky S. (Eds.) Proceedings for ED-MEDIA 2002: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications. (357-362). Norfolk, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. PDF version

Hu, X., Mathews, E., Graesser, A.C., and Susarla, S. (2002). EBOOK.EXE: A desktop authoring tool for HURAA. M. & T.C. Reeves (Eds.), Proceedings for E-Learning 2002: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, & Higher Education (pp. 471-476). Montreal, Canada.

Olde, B. A., Franceschetti, D.R., Karnavat, Graesser, A. C. & the Tutoring Research Group (2002). The right stuff: Do you need to sanitize your corpus when using latent semantic analysis? Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 708-713). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. . PDF version

Marineau, J., Olney, A., Louwerse, M., Person, N., Olde, B., Susarla, S., Chipman, P., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2002). AutoTutor’s log files and categories of language and discourse. In C. P. Rose and V. Eleven (Eds.), Workshop Proceedings of Empirical Methods for Tutorial Dialogue Systems at IRS 2002 (pp. 85-92). San Sebastian, Spain.

Moreno, K.N., Klettke, B., Nibbaragandla, K., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2002). Perceived characteristics and pedagogical efficacy of animated conversational agents. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002 (pp. 963-971). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Person, N.K., Erkel, M., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2002). AutoTutor passes the bystander Turing test. In M. Driscoll and T. C. Reeves (Eds.), Proceedings for E-Learning 2002: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, & Higher Education (pp. 778-782). Montreal, Canada: AACE.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2002). Human or computer?: AutoTutor in a bystander Turing test. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002 (pp. 821-830). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Olney, A., Person, N., Louwerse, M. & Graesser, A. (2002). AutoTutor: A conversational tutoring environment. Proceedings of the ACL-02 Demonstration Session, July, (pp. 108-109). Philadelphia: Association for Computational Linguistics.

Louwerse, M.M., Graesser, A.C., Olney,A.,& TRG (2002). Good computational manners: Mixed-initiative dialog in conversational agents. Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Computer Etiquette

Louwerse, M., Graesser, A., Hu, X., Person, N. (2002) The Role of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Education: An Overview of AutoTutor. In Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Wiley, J., Goldman, S.R., & Graesser, A.C. (2002). Promoting critical inquiry from web sources. In W. G. Gray and C.D. Schunn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 23). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Ryder, J.M., Graesser, A.C., McNamara, J., Karnavat, A., & Pop, E. (2002). A dialog based intelligent tutoring system for practicing command reasoning skills. Paper presented at I/ITSEC.

Graesser, A.C. (2001). Military psychology in personnel management. In T. Filjak (Ed.), Proceedings of the 36th International Applied Military Psychology Symposium (pp. 293-294). Zagreb, Croatia: Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Croatia. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Person, N.K. (2001). Teaching with the help of talking heads. In the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies(pp. 460-461). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Susarla, S., Harter, D., Person, N., Louwerse, M., Olde, B., & the TRG (2001). AutoTutor:An intelligent tutor and conversational tutoring scaffold.Papers from the Workshop on "Tutorial Dialog Systems" at the Artificial Intelligence in Education 2001 Conference (pp.47-49). San Antonio, TX. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Karnavat, A.B., Daniel, F.K., Cooper, E., Whitten, S.N., & Louwerse, M. (2001). A computer tool to improve questionnaire design. In Statistical Policy Working Paper 33, Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (pp. 36-48). Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., & Lu, S. (2001). Question-driven explanatory reasoning about devices that malfunction. In T. Filjak (Ed.), Proceedings of the 36th International Applied Military Psychology Symposium (pp. 114-119). Zagreb, Croatia: Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Croatia. PDF version

Craig, S.D., Ghohlson, B., Susarla, S., Hu, X., Graesser, A., & Toth, J. (2001). The Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor: A web-based information retrieval system with a user-friendly interface design. In W. Fowler, and J. Hasebrook (Eds.), Proceedings for Webnet, the World Conference on the WWW and the Internet (pp. 241-246). Norfolk, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Franceschetti, D.R., Karnavat, A., Marineau, J., McCallie, G.L., Olde, B.A., Terry, B.L., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). Development of physics test corpora for latent semantic analysis. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 297-300). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Franklin, S., Graesser, A.C. (2001). Modeling cognition with software agents. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp.301-306). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Harter, D., Kozma, R., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). Models of ontogenetic development for autonomous adaptive systems. In J. D. Moore and K. Stenning, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 405-410). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Jackson, T., Mueller, J., Person, N., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). Assessing the pedagogical effectiveness and conversational appropriateness in three versions of AutoTutor. In J.D. Moore, C.L. Redfield, and W.L. Johnson (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: AI-ED in the Wired and Wireless Future (pp. 263-267). Amsterdam: OIS Press.

Klettke, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). The effect of expert testimony in child sexual abuse cases. Australian Journal of Psychology, 53, 19.

Link, K.E., Kreuz, R.J., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2001). Factors that influence the perception of feedback delivered by a pedagogical agent. International Journal of Speech Technology, 4, 145-153.

Lu, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). Does an illustration help to comprehend scientific texts? Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Cognitive Science (Pp.643). Beijing, China: Press of the University of Science and Technology in China.

Lu, S., Olde, B., Cooper, E., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). Individual differences in reasoning about broken devices: An eye-tracking study. In J. D. Moore and K. Stenning, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 582-587). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Rajan, S., Craig, S.D., Gholson, B., Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2001). AutoTutor: Incorporating backchannel feedback and other human-like conversational behaviors into an intelligent tutoring system. International Journal of Speech Technology, 4, 117-126.

Person, N.K., Gholson, B., Craig, S., Hu, X., Stewart, C., & Graesser, A.C. (2001). HURAA Advisor: A web-based intelligent agent who manages mixed initiative dialog to optimize information retrieval. Proceedings for Ed-Media: World Conference on Educaton, Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications (pp.1476-1481). IEEE.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., Bautista, L., Mathews, E., & TRG (2001). Evaluating student learning gains in two versions of AutoTutor. In J.D. Moore, C.L. Redfield, and W.L. Johnson (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: AI-ED in the Wired and Wireless Future (pp. 286-293). Amsterdam: OIS Press.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., Kreuz, R.J., Pomeroy, V., & TRG (2001). Simulating human tutor dialog moves in AutoTutor. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education , 12, 23-39.

Link, K., Pomeroy, V., DiPaolo, R., Rajan, S., Klettke, B., Bautista, L., Kreuz, R., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000). The effectiveness of tutorial dialog in an automated conversational tutor. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 18-19). Lyon, France.

Graesser, A.C., Karnavat, A., Pomeroy, V., Wiemer-Hastings, & TRG (2000). Latent semantic analysis captures vestiges of causal, goal-oriented, and taxonomic structures. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Kreuz, R. (2000). The gold standard of question quality on surveys: Experts, computer tools, versus statistical indices. Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods of the American Statistical Association. (pp. 459-464). American Statistical Association.

Graesser, A.C., Person, N.K., Harter, D., & TRG (2000). Teaching tactics in AutoTutor. Proceedings of the workshop on modeling human teaching tactics and strategies at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2000 conference. University of Quebec at Montreal, 49-57.

Marineau, J., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Harter, D., Olde, B., Chipman, P., Karnavat, A., Pomeroy, S., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000). Classification of speech acts in tutorial dialog. Proceedings of the workshop on modeling human teaching tactics and strategies at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2000 conference. University of Quebec at Montreal, 65-71.

Craig, S.D., Hu, X., Gholson, B., Marks, W., Graesser, A., & TRG (2000). AutoTutor: A human tutoring simulation with an animated pedagogical agent interface. In P. Hamberger (Ed.), Proceedings of the international Society for Optical Engneering: Integrated command environments. San Diago, CA: SPIE Proceedings Series. PDF version

Klettke, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2000). Coherence and evidence in testimony evaluation on incest narratives. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 154-155). Lyon, France.

Person, N. K., Graesser, A. C., Harter, D., Mathews, E. C., & the Tutoring Research Group. (2000). Dialog move generation and conversation management in AutoTutor. Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium: Building Dialogue Systems for Tutorial Applications (pp.45-51). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. PDF version

Person, N. K.., Bautista, L., Kreuz, R.J., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000). The Dialog Advancer Network: A Conversation Manager for AutoTutor. Proceedings of the workshop on modeling human teaching tactics and strategies at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2000 conference. University of Quebec at Montreal, 86-92. PDF version

Person, N., Graesser, A.C., Harter, D. & TRG (2000). The Dialog Advancer Network: A mechanism for improving AutoTutor's conversational skills. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 20-21). Lyon, France. PDF version

Person, N.K., Craig, S., Price, P., Hu, X., Gholson, B., Graesser, A., & TRG (2000). Incorporating human-like conversational behaviors in AutoTutor. Proceedings of the Workshop on Conversational Agents at the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents 2000 (pp. 93-97). Barcelona, Spain: ACM Press. PDF version

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2000). AutoTutor’s conversational behaviors. Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Human-Computer Conversation

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2000). Designing AutoTutor to be an effective conversational partner. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of the Learning Sciences. Ann Arbor: MI. PDF version

Olde, B.A., & Graesser, A.C. (2000). Causal factors that influence story agents’ blame and responsibility. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 202-203). Lyon, France.

Price, P.A., Craig, S., Graesser, A., Marks, W., & TRG (2000). The making of Marco: Incorporating lifelike behaviors into AutoTutor. Proceedings of the Workshop on Conversational Agents at the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents 2000 (pp. 93-96). Barcelona, Spain: ACM Press. PDF version

Rajan, S., Harter, D., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000). Back channel feedback in human and intelligent tutoring systems. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 102-103). Lyon, France.

Vidal-Abarca, E., Reyes, H., Gilabert, R., Calpe, J., Soria, E., & Graesser, A.C. (2000). ETAT: A tool to analyze expository text coherence. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 88-99). Lyon, France.

Whitten, S.N., Lu, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2000). What determines deep comprehension for illustrated texts. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 176-177). Lyon, France.

Wiemer-Hastings, K. & Graesser, A.C. (2000). Verb-based classification of abstract concepts. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 104-105). Lyon, France.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Rajan, S., Graesser, A.C., Kreuz, R.J., & Karnavat, A. (2000). DP-A detector for presuppositions in survey questions. Proceedings of the Joint Language Technology Conference (pp. 90-96). ACL Press.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Graesser, A.C. (2000). Select-a-Kibitzer: A multi-agent architecture for giving feedback on student compositions. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse (pp. 96-97). Lyon, France.

Graesser, A.C., & Craig, S. (1999). The construction of multiple agents during the comprehension of discourse and literary short stories. In A.B. Gomez, AESLA Proceedings.

Corbett, A., Anderson, J., Graesser, A., Koedinger, K., & van Lehn, K. (1999). Third generation computer tutors: Learn from or ignore human tutors? In Proceedings of the 1999 Conference of Computer-Human Interaction (pp. 85-86). New York: ACM Press.

Craig, S. D., Hu, X., Marks, W., Graesser, A. C., & The Tutoring Research Group (1999). Source monitoring among multiple virtual agents: A study of who said what. In G. Cumming, T. Okamoto, & L. Gomez (Eds.), Advanced research in computers and communications in education: New human abilities for the networked society, vol. 1 (pp. 141-148). Washington, DC: IOS Press.

Du Boulay, B., Greer, J., Lepper, M., Graesser, A., Van Lehn, K., & Moore, J. (1999). Panel on issues involving human and computer tutoring. In S. P. Lajoie and M. Vivet (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 780-781). Amsterdam: IOS Press.

Garzon, M., & The Tutoring Research Group (1999). On Interactive Computation: Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In J. Pavelka, G. Tel, & M. Bartosek (Eds.), Proceedings of SOFSEM'99 Theory and Practice of Informatics, Springer's Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1725Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D., & VanLehn, K. (2006, April).  Deep comprehension strategies through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART.  Symposium paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.   (pp. 257-259). New York: Springer Verlag.

Olde, B. A., Hoeffner, J., Chipman, P., Graesser, A. C., & the Tutoring Research Group (1999). A connectionist model for part of speech tagging. Proceedings of the 12th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 172-176). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI PDF version

Ottati, V., Rhoads, S., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). The effect of metaphor on processing style in a persuasion task: A motivational resonance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77,688-697

Person, N. K., Klettke, B., Link, K., Kreuz, R. J., & the Tutoring Research Group (1999). The integration of affective responses into AutoTutor. Proceeding of the International Workshop on Affect in Interactions (pp.167-178). Siena, Italy. PDF version

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). A neural network analysis of sentence context features: A comparison of abstract versus concrete nouns. Proceedings of the 6th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference.

Wiemer-Hastings, P. (1999). How Latent is Latent Semantic Analysis? Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 932-937). San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann. PDF version

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group. (1999). Improving an intelligent tutor's comprehension of students with Latent Semantic Analysis in S. p. Lajoie and M. Vivet, Artificial Inteligence in Education (pp. 535-542). Amsterdam: IOS Press. PDF version

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1999). Approximate natural language understanding for an intelligent tutor. Proceedings of Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (pp. 172-176). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. PDF version

Graesser, A. C., Franklin, S., & Wiemer-Hastings, P. and the Tutoring Research Group (1998). Simulating smooth tutorial dialogue with pedagogical value. Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (pp. 163-167). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. PDF version

Hu, X., Graesser, A. C., & the Tutoring Research Group (1998). Using WordNet and latent semantic analysis to evaluate the conversational contributions of learners in tutorial dialog. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers in Education, Vol. 2 (pp. 337-341). Beijing, China: Springer.

McCauley, L., Gholson, B., Hu, X., Graesser, A. C., & the Tutoring Research Group (1998). Delivering smooth tutorial dialogue using a talking head. Proceedings of the Workshop on Embodied Conversation Characters (pp. 31-38). Tahoe City, CA: AAAI and ACM.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1998). Contextual representations of abstract nouns: A neural network approach. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1036-1041). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Graesser, A. C., Harter, D., & the Tutoring Research Group (1998). The foundations and architecture of AutoTutor. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp.334-343). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. PDF version

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Graesser, A.C., & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (1998). Inferring the meaning of verbs from context. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1142-1147). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Zhang, Z., Franklin, S., Olde, B., Graesser, A.C., & Wan, Y. (1998). Natural language sensing for autonomous agents. Proceedings of the International IEEE Joint Symposia on Intelligence and Systems (pp. 374-381). Rockville, MD.

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Conference Presentations

Jeon, M., & Graesser, A. C. (2008, July). An analysis of the coherence of tutorial dialogue with AutoTutor: A comparison of high versus low student knowledge. Paper presented at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse. University of Memphis, TN.

Jeon, M., Graesser, A. C., & Cai, Z. (2008, July). A Coh-Metrix analysis: Is “Einstein’s Dreams” more like science or narrative? Paper presented at the 11th International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature (IGEL). University of Memphis, TN.

McNamara, D. S., Graesser, A. C., Louwerse, M., Cai, Z., McCarthy, P. M., & Jeon, M. (2008, July). Coh-Metrix. Preconference workshop at the XI International Congress of the International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature (IGEL). University of Memphis, TN.

Graesser, A. C. (2007, October). Comments on technology supporting learning experiences. Presentation at the SLaTE Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education, Carnegie Mellon University, Farmington, PA.

Graesser, A. C., & Franceschetti, D. R. (2007, October). Learning Newtonian physics. Presentation at a Workshop on Developmental Sciences, University of Chicago.

D’Mello, S. K., Chipman, P., & Graesser, A. C. (2007, August). Posture as a predictor of learner’s affective engagement. Poster presentation at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Nashville, TN.

D’Mello, S. K., Taylor, R., & Graesser, A. C. (2007, August). Monitoring Affective Trajectories during Complex Learning. Presentation at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Nashville, TN.

McDaniel, B. T., D’Mello, S. K., King, B. G., Chipman, P., Tapp, K., & Graesser, A. C. (2007, August). Facial Features for Affective State Detection in Learning Environments. Presentation at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Nashville, TN.

Rus, V., McCarthy, P. M., Lintean, M. C., Graesser, A. C., & McNamara, D. S. (2007, August). Assessing student self-explanations in an intelligent tutoring system. Presentation at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Nashville, TN.

Graesser, A. C. Chipman, P., King, B., McDaniel, B., & D’Mello, S. (2007, July). Emotions and Learning with AutoTutor. Poster presentation at the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Los Angeles, CA.

D’Mello, S. K., & Graesser, A. C. (2007, July). Mind and Body: Dialogue and Posture for Affect Detection in Learning Environments. Presentation at the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Los Angeles, CA.

Jackson, G. T., & Graesser, A. C. (2007, July). Content Matters: An investigation of feedback categories within an ITS. Presentation at the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Los Angeles, CA.

McDaniel, B., King, B., Jeon, M., O'Reilly, T., Graesser, A. C. (2007, July). SEEKing Cohesion in Student Essays: High vs. Low Prior Knowledge. Poster presentation at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse. Glasgow, Scotland.

McNamara, D., McCarthy, P., Graesser, A.C., & Louwerse, M. (2007, June).  Coh-Metrix: Automated measures of text difficulty.  Poster presented at the 2007 Research Conference of the Institute of Education Sciences.  Washington, D.C.  

Wagner, R.K., Waters, G., Sabatini, J., & Graesser, A.C. (2007, June).  Assessing reading comprehension.  Symposium presentation at the 2007 Research Conference of the Institute of Education Sciences.  Washington, D.C.  

D’Mello, S., Taylor, R.S., Tapp, K., King, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2007, April). Posture as a predictor of learners’ affective engagement: Boredom and flow. Paper presentation at the 2007 Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association.  Chicago, IL.   

Gholson, B., Graesser, A.C., Craig, S., & Witherspoon, A. (2007, April).  The transfer of deep-level reasoning questions and their effects on science learning.  Symposium presentation on What Conditions Support Transfer of Knowledge? New Research in Mathematics and Science Education at the 2007 Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association.  Chicago, IL.   

Rus, V., Cai, Z., & Graesser, A.C. (2007, April). Evaluation in natural language generation: The question generation task.  Presentation at the workshop on Shared Tasks and Comparative Evaluation in Natural Language Generation, sponsored by the National Science Foundation.  Arlington, VA.   

Rus, V., Cai, Z., Graesser, A.C. (2007, February). Experiments on generating questions about facts. Meetings of  the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing.  Mexico City, Mexico.

Jeon, M., & Graesser, A. C. (2006, November). Using Coh-Metrix to assess the role of background knowledge on cohesion in tutorial dialogue. Symposium presentation at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Houston, TX.

Jeon, M., Graesser, A. C., McNamara, D. S., Louwerse, M., & Cai, Z. (2006, November). Analysis of tutorial dialogue on cohesion and language with Coh-Metrix. Paper presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Houston, TX.

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D., & VanLehn, K. (2006, April).  Deep comprehension strategies through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART.  Symposium paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. 

Graesser,  A.C., Dufty, D., McDaniel, B., & Jeon, M. (2006, January).  Technologies that potentially facilitate interactive knowledge construction.  Workshop on Educational Technologies, Neimegen, Netherlands.

Graesser, A.C. (2006, April).  Using strategy instruction to improve science text comprehension.  Symposium discussant at the Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. 

Jeon, M., Graesser, A.C., Wiley, J., Goldman, S.R., O'Reilly, T., & McDaniel, B. (2006, April). A SEEK Web Tutor: Fostering Critical Thinking while Learning about Causes of Volcanic Eruption. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. San Francisco, CA.  

Kim, H.J., Jackson, G.T., Graesser, A.C., & Sadkin, J. (2006, April).  Using interactive simulation in science education: Can they be effective?  Poster presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. 

Jeon, M., O'Reilly, T., McDaniel, B., Wiley, J., Goldman, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2005, October).  Scaffolding critical thinking on a web tutor. Paper presented at the World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Health Care, and Higher Education, Vancouver, CA.   

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005, October). The effectiveness of computer simulations in a computer-based learning environment.  Paper presented at the World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Health Care, and Higher Education.  Vancouver, CA.

 D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., McDaniel, B., Witherspoon, A., Sullins, J., Gholson, B., Graesser, A.C. (2005, October).  The relationship between affective states and dialog patterns during interactions with AutoTutor.  Paper presented at the World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Health Care, and Higher Education.  Vancouver, CA.

Cai, Z., Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., Yan, Y., & McNamara, D. S. (2005, August).  CohMetrix : measures of text cohesion.  Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Memphis, TN.   

Hu, X., Cai, Z., & Graesser, A.C. (2005, August).  Compare semantic spaces.  Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Memphis, TN.   

Rus, V., Hu, X., Cai, Z., Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., & Olney, A. (2005, August).  Augmenting AutoTutor with deeper language processing.  Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Memphis, TN.   

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Jordan, P., Olney, A., & Rose, C.P. (2005, July).  When is reading just as effective as one-on-one interactive tutoring? Poster presented in the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa, Italy.

Ventura, M., D'Mello, S., Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2005, July).  Modeling spatial inferences.   Poster presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse.   Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005, July).  Computer simulation as an instructional technology in AutoTutor.  Symposium at the Artificial Intelligence in Education 2005 Conference.  Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Hempelmann, C.F., Dufty, D., McCarthy, P., Graesser, A.C., Cai, Z., & McNamara, D.S. (2005, July).  Using LSA to automatically identify givenness and newness of noun-phrases in written discourse.  Poster presented in the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa, Italy.

Dufty, D., Hempelmann, C., Graesser, A.C., & Cai, Z. (2005, July).  An algorithm for detecting causal and intentional information in text.  Poster presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse.   Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Baylor, A.L., Cole, R., Graesser, A., & Johnson, W.L. (2005, July).  Pedagogical agent research and development: Next steps and future possibilities.  Symposium at the Artificial Intelligence in Education 2005 Conference.  Amsterdam, Netherlands.  

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Ventura, M., & Jackson, G.T. (2005, May).  AutoTutor coverage of expectations during tutorial dialogue.  Paper presented at the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society, Clearwate, FL.  

Chipman, P., Olney, A., & Graesser, A. C. (2005, May). The AutoTutor 3 architecture: A software architecture for an expandable, high-availability ITS. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. Miami, Florida.  

D'Mello, S. K., Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., Franklin, S., Picard, R.,& Graesser, A. C. (2005). Integrating affect sensors in an intelligent tutoring system. Paper presented at the conference workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces.  San Diego, CA.

Craig, S.D., & Graesser, A. (2003, December). Why am I confused: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Multimedia and Information & Communication Technologies in Education. Badajoz, Spain.

Graesser, A. C., & Lu, S. (2003, November). Texts, pictures, labels, versus arrows in the comprehension of illustrated texts. Paper presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, CA.

Graesser, A.C. (2003, November). Evolution of computer learning environments: From computer-assisted instruction to intelligent tutoring systems with natural language dialog. Keynote address at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver, Canada.

Graesser, A.C., & Franklin, S. (2003, November). Avatars, agents, robots, and learning technologies. Invited presentation in the grande opening of the FedEx Institute of Technology. Memphis, TN.

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., Louwerse, M.M., & Cai, Z. (2003, November). Coh-Metrix: Analysis of text on cohesion and language. Symposium presentation at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver, Canada.

Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2003, November). Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA): Learning about research ethics with intelligent learning modules. Symposium presentation at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver, Canada.

Susarla, S.C., Adcock, A.B., Van Eck, R.N. & Moreno, K.N. (2003, November) Authoring for AutoTutor – Adding a new dimension to an Intelligent Tutoring System. Paper presented at the 2003 World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government & Higher Education. Phoenix, AZ.

Lu, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2003, November). AutoTutor: Tutorialdialog in natural language with an animated conversational agent. Symposium presentation at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver, Canada.

Lu, S., Graesser, A. C., & Wolff, P. (2003, November). Perceptions and conceptions of time. Poster presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, CA.

Graesser, A.C. (2003, September). AutoTutor and other conversational agents that scaffold learning. Keynote address at the 2003 European Cognitive Science Society. Osnabruck, Germany.

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Franceschetti, D., Penumatsa,P., Graesser, A.C.,Louwerse, M.M., McNamara, D.S., & TRG (2003, August). LSA: The first dimension and dimensional weighting. Presentation at the the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Boston, MA.

Franceschetti, D. R., Adcock, A. B. & Graesser, A.C., (2003, August). Analysis of strategies in expert tutoring dialog for use in Intelligent Tutoring System development. Poster presented at the meetings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Boston, MA.

Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Mitchell, H.H., Olney, A.,Ventura, M., Chipman, P., Franceschetti, D., Hu, X., Louwerse, M.M., Person, N.K., & TRG (2003, July). Why/AutoTutor: A test of learning gains from a physics tutor with natural language dialog. Paper presented at the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Boston, MA.

Graesser, A.C., Moreno, K., Marineau, J., Adcock, A., Olney, A., & Person, N. (2003, July). AutoTutor improves deep learning of computer literacy: Is it the dialog or the talking head? Paper presented at the Artificial Intelligence in Education conference. Sydney, Australia. (finalist for outstanding paper award).

Mathews, E. C., Jackson, G. T., Olney, A., Chipman, P. & Graesser, A. C. (2003, July). Achieving Domain Independence in AutoTutor. Presented at The Seventh World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics Proceedings. Orlando, FL.

Person, N., & Graesser, A.C. (2003, July). Fourteen facts about human tutoring: Food for thought for ITS developers. Paper presented at the AIED2003 Workshop on Tutorial Dialog in the Classroom. Sydney, Australia.

Mitchell, H., & Graesser, A.C. (2003, July). Investigating conceptually driven processing in humor: The effects of context on jokes. Paper presented at the 15th International Society for Humor Studies. Northern Illinois University.

Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Lin, K., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C. (2003, June). Modeling student performance to enhance the pedagogy of AutoTutor. Paper presented at the 2003 Conference on User Modeling. Johnstown, PA.

Susarla, S.C., Adcock, A.B., Van Eck, R.N., Moreno, K.N. & Graesser, A.C. (2003, June) Development and evaluation of a lesson authoring tool for AutoTutor. Workshop presented at the 2003 Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED), Sydney.

Olney , A., Louwerse, M., Mathews, E., Marineau, J., Hite-Mitchell, H., & Graesser, A. (2003, May). Utterance Classification in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the conference on Building Educational Applications using Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology - North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference 2003 Workshop ( pp. 1-8). Philadelphia, PA.

Graesser, A. C., & Lu, S. (2003, April). Eye tracking while learning from an intelligent tutoring system with an animated pedagogical agent. Paper presented at the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

Graesser, A.C. (2003, April). Reach for the stars: Basic research in reading and literacy. Invited symposium at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago, IL.

Penumatsa, P., Ventura, M., Olde, B.A., Franceschetti, D.R., Graesser,A.C., & TRG (2003, April). The right threshold value: What is the right threshold of cosine measure when using latent semantic analysis for evaluating student answers? Paper presented at the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Conference. St. Augustine, FL.

Van Eck, R. & Adcock, A. (2003, April). Reliability and factor structure of the Attitude Toward Non
Intelligent Agent Scale (ATNAS). Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago.

Adcock, A. B. & Van Eck, R., (2003, April). The development of an affective measure for use in pedagogical agent tutoring environments. Poster presented at The 15th Annual University of Memphis Student Research Forum. Memphis, TN.

Graesser, A.C., Ventura, M., Jackson, G.T., Mueller, J., Hu, X., & Person, N. (2003, March). The impact of conversational navigational guides on the learning, use, and perceptions of users of a web site. Paper presented at the AAAI Spring Symposium 2003 on Agent-mediated Knowledge Management. Stanford University, CA.

Mathews, E., Person, N.K., Jackson, G.T., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003, March). Discourse patterns in Why/AutoTutor. Paper presented at the meetings of the AAAI Spring Symposium Series on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialog. Stanford University, CA.

Hu, X., Cai, Z. Louwerse, M., Olney, A., Penumatsa, P., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). Paper presented at the 2003 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Mexico.

Adcock, A. B., Franceschetti, D. R. & Graesser, A.C., (2003). Detailed modeling of physics tutoring dialog moves for intelligent tutoring system development. Paper presented at The 5th Annual Memphis Area Engineering and Science Conference. Memphis, TN.

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Olde, B.A., Ventura, M., Olney, A., Lowerse, M., Franceschetti, D.R., Person, N.K. (2002, August). Implementing latent semantic analysis in learning environments with conversational agents and tutorial dialog. Paper presented at the meetings of the 24rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Washington, D.C.

Olde, B.A., Franceschetti, D.R., Karnavat, A., Graesser, A.C. & TRG (2002, August). The right stuff: Do you need to sanitize your corpous when using latent semantic analysis? Paper presented at the meetings of the 24rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Washington, D.C.

Garzon, M. H., Drumwright, E., Rajaya, K. (2002, July) Training a neurocontrol for talking heads. Paper presented at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence. Hawaii. PDF version

Garzon, M. H., Prashant A., Drumwright E., Kozma, R. (2002, July) Neurofuzzy Recognition and Generation of Facial Features in Talking Heads. Paper presented at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence. Hawaii. PDF version

Louwerse, M., Olney, A. & Olde, B. (2002, June) Is that your final answer? Evidence from an automated question answering tool. Presentation at The 12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text & Discourse.

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Person, N.K., Stewart, C., Toth, J., Jackson, G.T., Susarla, S., Ventura, M. (2002, June). Learning about the ethical treatment of human subjects in experiments on a web facility with a conversational agent and ITS components. Paper presented at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002 conference, Biarritz, France.

Marineau, J., Olney, A., Louwerse, M., Person, N., Olde, B., Susarla, S., Chipman, P., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2002, June). AutoTutor’s log files and categories of language and discourse. Paper presented at the workshop on tutorial dialog at the meetings of Intelligent Tutoring systems 2002. San Sebastian, Spain.

Mathews, E., Louwerse, M., Olney, A., Marineau, J. & Hite Mitchell, H. (2002, June). Development of an advanced speech act classification system. The 12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text & Discourse.

Moreno, K.N., Klettke, B., Nibbaragandla, K., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2002, June). Perceived characteristics and pedagogical efficacy of animated conversational agents. Paper presented at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002 conference, Biarritz, France.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & the Tutoring Research Group (2002, June). Human or computer?: AutoTutor in a bystander Turing test. Paper presented at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002 conference, Biarritz, France.

Olde, B.A., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2002, April). Latent semantic analysis: What is it and how can it improve and assess student learning. Paper presented at the Northeast Regional Conference on Excellence in Teaching and Learning. SUNY, Oswego, New York.

Jackson, G.T., Mitchell, H.H., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2002, April). Improving conversational interaction for intelligent tutoring systems. Paper presented at the Fourth Annual Memphis Area Engineering and Science Conference, Memphis, TN.

Klettke, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2002, April). Expert testimony in child sexual abuse cases: The effects of evidence, coherence, and causality. Poster presented at the meetings of the American Psychology and Law Society, Austin, TX.

Louwerse, M., Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., & Person, N. (2002, March). The role of intelligent tutoring systems in education: An overview of AutoTutor. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education. Nashville, TN.

Ventura, M., Person, N., Jackson, T., Graesser, A., Hu, X., & Toth, J. (2002, January). Evaluating learning outcomes in an interactive web-based learning system. Paper presented at the Winter Text, Discourse, and Cognition conference. Jackson Hole, WY.

Wiley, J., Goldman, S.R., & Graesser, A.C. (2002). Promoting critical inquiry from web sources. Symposium Paper presented at the meetings of the 24rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Washington, D.C.

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., & Lu, S. (2001, November). Good comprehenders focus on faults when everyday devices break down. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meetings of the Psychonomic Society. Orlando, FL.

Franceschetti, D.R., Karnavat, A., Marineau, J., McCallie, G.L., Olde, B.A., Terry, B.L., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, August). Development of physics text corpora for latent semantic analysis. Paper presented at the meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. Edinburgh, Scotland.

Franklin, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, August). Modeling cognition with software agents. Paper presented at the meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. Edinburgh, Scotland.

Harter, D., Kozma, R., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, August). Models of ontogenetic development for autonomous adaptive systems. Poster presented at the meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. Edinburgh, Scotland.

Louwerse, M., (2001, August) Context in Causal and Diagnostic Readings: Cognitive Evidence from Eye Tracking. Presentation at the 4th International Workshop on Multidisciplinary Approaches to Discourse.

Lu, S., Olde, B., Cooper, E., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, August). Individual differences in reasoning about broken devices: An eye tracking study. Poster presented at the meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. Edinburgh, Scotland.

Louwerse, M., (2001, July) Cohesion in the Coherence Process: Evidence for the Specification Hypothesis. Presentation at the Annual Conference of the Society for Text and Discourse, Santa Barbara.

Person, N.K., Gholson, B., Craig, S., Hu, X., Stewart, C., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, June). HURA Advisor: A web-based intelligent agent who manages mixed initiative dialog to optimize information retrieval. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Communications. Helsinki, Finland.

Lu, S., Olde, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, June). Eye guidance in reasoning about broken devices. Paper presented at the American Psychological Society. Toronto, CA.

Jackson, T., Mueller, J. N., Person, N. K., & Graesser, A. C. (2001, May). Evaluating the Pedagogical Effectiveness and Conversational Appropriateness in Three Versions of AutoTutor. To be presented at the 10th International Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education. San Antonio, TX. PDF version

Jackson, T., Mueller, J., Person, N., & Graesser, A.C. (2001, May). Poster presented at the 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. San Antonio, TX.

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Susarla, S., Harter, D., Person, N., Louwerse, M., Olde, B., & the TRG (2001, May). AutoTutor: An intelligent tutor and conversational tutoring scaffold. Papers from the Workshop on “Tutorial Dialog Systems” at the Artificial Intelligence in Education 2001 Conference. San Antonio, TX.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., Bautista, L., Mathews, E., & TRG (2001, May). Evaluating student learning gains in two versions of AutoTutor. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. San Antonio, TX.

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., & Lu, S. (2001, April). Eye tracking while reading illustrated texts about everyday devices. Symposium presented at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association. Seattle, WA.

Graesser, A.C., Bautista, L., Link, K., Kreuz, R., & TRG (2001, April). An evaluation of AutoTutor on learning gains. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association. Seattle, WA.

Person, N., Graesser, A., Jackson, T., Matthews, E., & TRG (2001, January). Evaluating student learning outcomes for two versions of AutoTutor. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Winter Conference on Discourse, Text, and Cognition. Jackson Hole, WY.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., Harter, D., Mathews, E., & TRG (2000, November). Dialog move generation and conversation management in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the AAAI Fall Symposium 2000 on Building Dialogue Systems for Tutorial Applications, Cape Cod, MA.

Whitten, S.N., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, November). Understanding the whole story: Thematic inferences are generated spontaneously. Paper presented at the 41th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Lew Orleans, LA.

Craig, S., Graesser, A.C., & Cregger, M. (2000, August). Who wants what in a story: The effects of reader’s impressions of the characters. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Association for the Empirical Studies of Literature, Art, and Media, Toronto, CA.

Graesser, A.C., Karnavat, A., Pomeroy, V., Wiemer-Hastings, & TRG (2000, August). Latent semantic analysis captures vestigaes of causal, goal-oriented, and taxonomic structures. Paper presented at the meetings of the Cognitive Science Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Kreuz, R. (2000, August). The gold standard of question quality on surveys: Experts, computer tools, versus statistical indices. Paper presented in a symposium on “Interdisciplinary survey research at intersections of the computer and cognitive sciences.” American Statistical Association, Indianapolis, IN.

Whitten, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, August). Thematic processing of narrative text. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Association for the Empirical Studies of Literature, Art, and Media, Toronto, CA.

Vidal-Abarca, E., Reyes, H., Gilabert, R., Calpe, J., Soria, E., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, July). ETAT: A tool to analyze expository text coherence. Poster presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Olde, B.A., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, July). Causal factors that influence story agents’ blame and responsibility. Poster presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Person, N., Graesser, A.C., Harter, D. & TRG (2000, July). The Dialog Advancer Network: A mechanism for improving AutoTutors conversational skills. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000, July). AutoTutor’s conversational behaviors. Paper presented at the Third Workshop on Human-Computer Conversation, Bellagio, Spain.

Rajan, S., Harter, D., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000, July). Back channel feedback in human and intelligent tutoring systems. Poster presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., & Whitten, S. (2000, July). Inferences about causal mechanisms that are depicted in illustrated texts on everyday devices. Paper presented at the International Congress of Psychology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., Whitten, S., Olde, B., Pomeroy, V., & Craig, S. (2000, July). Deep and shallow comprehension of illustrated texts on everyday devices. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for the Scientific Studies of Reading, Stockholm, Sweden.

Craig, S.D., Hu, X., Gholson, B., Marks, W., Graesser, A., & TRG (2000, July). AutoTutor: A human tutoring simulation with an animated pedagogical agent interface. Paper presented at the International Society for Optical Engineering. San Diego, CA.

Klettke, B., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, July). Coherence and evidence in testimony evaluation on incest narratives. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Link, K., Pomeroy, V., DiPaolo, R., Rajan, S., Klettke, B., Bautista, L., Kreuz, R., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000, July). The effectiveness of tutorial dialog in an automated conversational tutor. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, July). Select-a-Kibitzer: A multi-agent architecture for giving feedback on student compositions. Poster presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Whitten, S.N., Lu, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, July). What determines deep comprehension for illustrated texts. Poster presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Wiemer-Hastings, K. & Graesser, A.C. (2000, July). Verb-based classification of abstract concepts. Poster presented at the meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, Lyon, France.

Wharton, C.M., Thompson, J., Sevostianov, A., Graesser, A.C., Fromm, S.J., Courtney, S., Bowles, A., & Braun, A.R. (2000, June). Phonological working memory in narrative construction: An fMRI study. Paper presented at the sixth annual meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, San Antonio, TX.

Person, N.K.,, Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (2000, June). Designing AutoTutor to be an effective conversational partner. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference of the Learning Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Person, N. K., Bautista, L., Kreuz, R.J., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000, June). The Dialog Advancer Network: A Conversation Manager for AutoTutor. Paper presented at the workshop on tutorial dialogue at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2000 conference, Montreal, Canada.

Person, N.K., Craig, S., Price, P., Hu, X., Gholson, B., Graesser, A., & TRG (2000, June). Incorporating human-like conversational behaviors in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the Workshop on Achieving Human-Like Behavior in Autonomous Agents at the Agents 2000 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.

Price, P.A., Craig, S., Graesser, A., Marks, W., & TRG (2000, June). The making of Marco: Incorporating lifelike behaviors into AutoTutor. Poster presented at the Workshop on Achieving Human-Like Behavior in Autonomous Agents at the Agents 2000 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.

Graesser, A.C., Person, N., Harter, D., & TRG (2000, June). Teaching tactics in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the workshop on tutorial dialogue at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2000 conference, Montreal, Canada.

Graesser, A.C., Whitten, S.N., & Olde, B. (2000, June). Do males and females differ on mechanical comprehension? Poster presented at the meetings of the American Psychological Society, Miami, FL.

Marineau, J., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Harter, D., Olde, B., Chipman, P., Karnavat, A., Pomeroy, S., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2000, June). Classification of speech acts in tutorial dialog. Paper presented at the workshop on tutorial dialogue at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2000 conference, Montreal, Canada.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Rajan, S., Graesser, A.C., Kreuz, R.J., & Karnavat, A. (2000, May). DP—A detector for presuppositions in survey questions. Meetings of the Applied Natural Language Processing conference, Seattle, WA.

Graesser, A.C. (2000, April). Discussant for symposium on “Computer-mediated Learning and Assessment through Discourse Analysis Techniques.” American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.

Graesser, A.C. (2000, April). Discussant for symposium on “Technology Tools for Analyzing Student Writing: Applications of Latent Semantic Analysis.” American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.

Wharton, C.M., Thompson, J., Sevostianov, A., Graesser, A.C., Fromm, S.J., Courtney, S., Bowles, A., & Braun, A.R. (2000, April). The neural basis of language and situation models. 2000 Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, CA.

Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Kreuz, R. (2000, January). A computer tool that critques survey questions. Paper presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Winter Conference on Discourse, Text & Cognition, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (2000, January). Abstract concepts hinge on verbs: Predicting abstract concept siilarity with verb co-occurrence. Paper presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Winter Conference on Discourse, Text & Cognition, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

Graesser, A.C., Kreuz, R., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (1999, November). QUEST Questionnaire Evaluation Aid (QQEA): A tool for survey methodologists. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology, Los Angeles, CA.

Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Person, N., & Kreuz, R. (1999, November). Latent semantic analysis can leliably evaluate student contributions in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Kreuz, R., & Graesser, A.C. (1999, November). A comparison of question critiques provided by the QUEST Questionnaire Evaluation Aid (QQEA) and human raters. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology, Los Angeles, CA.

Person, N., K., Klettke, B., Link, K., Kreuz, R. J., & the Tutoring Research Group. (1999, October). The integration of affective responses into AutoTutor. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Affect in Interactions, Siena, Italy.

Klettke, B., Person, N., Graesser, A., Link, K., & Kreuz, R. (1999, October). Integrating affect into AutoTutor’s feedback responses. Workshop on Affect in Interactions: Towards a New Generation of Interfaces, Siena, Italy.

Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., Smither, D. & the Tutoring Research Group (1999, August). Listening in on dialogues and monologues of embodied agents invirtual tutoring sessions: Learning and questioning. Paper presented at the Society for Text and Discourse, Vancouver, Canada.

DiPaolo, R., Hacker, D., Yetman, S., Whitten, S., and the TRG (1999, August). Mechanisms for generating a hint. Paper presented at the Society for Text and Discourse, Vancouver, Canada.

Whitten, S.N. and Graesser, A.C. (1999, August). Thematic inference in on-line comprehension. Paper presented at the Society for Text and Discourse, Vancouver, Canada.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., Graesser, A.C., & Doyle, C. (1999, August). How often is often? Effects of context on the interpretation of frequency adverbs. Paper presented at the Society for Text and Discourse, Vancouver, Canada.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., and Graesser, A., (1999, July). Improving an intelligent tutor's comprehension of students with Latent Semantic Analysis. Paper presented at the 1999 Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, LeMans, France.

Graesser, A.C., Craig, S., Pomeroy, V. & Olde, B. (1999, July). Comprehension of illustrated texts about everyday devices. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Boulder, Colorado.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1999, July). A neural network analysis of sentence context features: A comparison of abstract versus concrete nouns. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 6th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, Stockholm, Sweden.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1999, July). Abstract concept representation: Intrinsic or contextual? Poster to be presented at the 8th European Congress of Psychology, Rome, Italy.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., Preuss, M., & Graesser, A.C. (1999, June). Vocabulary learning of abstract and concrete word types: What methods work best? Poster to be presented at the Conference of the American Psychological Society, Denver, CO, June 3-6, 1999.

Corbett, A., Anderson, J., Graesser, A., Koedinger, K., & van Lehn, K. (1999, May). Third generation computer tutors: Learn from or ignore human tutors? Panel symposium at the 1999 Computer-Human Interaction Conference, Pittsburgh, PA.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., and Graesser, A. (1999, May). Approximate natural language understanding for an intelligent tutor. Paper presented at the 12th International Florida Artificial Intelligence
Research Conference, Orlando, Florida.

Olde, B.A., Hoeffner, J., Chipman, P., Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (1999, May). A connectionist model for part of speech tagging. Paper presented at the 12th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Conference, Orlando, Florida.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1999, January). Using latent semantic analysis to evaluate tutee contributions. Paper presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Winter Conference on Discourse, Text & Cognition, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

Graesser, A.C., Pomeroy, V., & Craig, S. (1999, January). Think aloud protocols in the context of illustrated texts and devices that malfunction. Paper presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Winter Conference on Discourse, Text & Cognition, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., & Graesser, A. C. (1998, November). The more, the better? The effect of the number of input variables on generalization in neural networks. Paper presented at the
28th Annual Conference of the Society for Computers in Psychology, Dallas, Texas.

Hu, X., Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (1998, October). Using WordNet and latent semantic analysis to evaluate the conversational contributions of learners in tutorial dialog. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computers in Education, Beijing, China.

McCauley, L., Gholson, B., Hu, X., Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (1998, October). Delivering smooth tutorial dialogue using a talking head. Paper presented at the Workshop on Embodied Conversation Characters (AAAI and ACM). Tahoe City, CA.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Graesser, A.C., Harter, D., and the Tutoring Research Group (1998, August). The foundations and architecture of AutoTutor. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, An Antonio, Texas.

Graesser, A.C., Franklin, S., and the Tutoring Research Group (1998, July). The goals and design of AutoTutor. Symposium presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse, Madison, Wisconsin.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Graesser, A.C., & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (1998, July). Inferring the meaning of verbs from context. Poster presented at the meetings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Madison, Wisconsin.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1998, July). Contextual representations of abstract nouns: A neural network approach. Poster presented at the 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Madison, Wisconsin.

Graesser, A.C., Franklin, S., & Wiemer-Hastings, P. and the Tutoring Research Group (1998, May). Simulating smooth tutorial dialogue with pedagogical value. Paper presented at the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Sanibel Island, Florida.

Graesser, A.C., & Brogdon, T. (1998, April). Propagating information about who knows what in literary short stories. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, San Diego, CA.

Graesser, A.C. (1998, January). Building a fully automated computer tutor. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the Winter Text Conference, Jackson Hole, WY.

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., White, K., & Person, N. (1997, November). Who knows what? Reconstructing character knowledge in literary short stories. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Graesser, A.C. (1997, August). Interconcept organization of abstract nouns, concrete nouns, and verbs: Hierarchical versus matrix representation. Meetings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Palo Alto, CA.

Wiemer-Hastings, P., Graesser, A.C., & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (1997, August). Symbolic, statistical, and human verb acquisition. Meetings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Palo Alto, Ca.

Graesser, A.C., Bowers, C.A., & Olde, B. (1997, March). Tracking agents in literary short stories. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, Chicago, IL.

Magliano, J., Trabasso, T., & Graesser, A.C. (1996, November). Inferences during narrative comprehension. Paper presenteed at the meetings of the Psychonomic Science Society, Chicago, IL.

Cregger, M.E., Graesser, A.C., & Marks, W. (1996, August). What is interesting? Paper presented at the meetings of the International Society for the Empirical Studies of Literature, Art, and Media, Banff, Canada.

McLain-Allen, B. & Graesser, A.C.(1996, August). The cognitive abilities of actors and nonactors. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Society for the Empirical Studies of Literature, Art, and Media, Banff, Canada.

Graesser, A.C., & Bowers, C.A. (1996, August). Remembering who said what in short stories. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Society for the Empirical Studies of Literature, Art, and Media, Banff, Canada.

Graesser, A.C., Bowers, C.A., Cregger, M.E. (1996, July). Who knows what? Who said what? Multiple agents in literary narrative. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, San Diego, CA.

McLain-Allen, B., Graesser, A.C., Kassler, M.A., & Kreuz, R.J. (1996, July). Verification of typical versus atypical information in “Einstein’s Dreams.” Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, San Diego, CA.

Tipping, P.D. & Graesser, A.C.(1996, July). Active learning, passive learning, software, and texts: Does it really make a difference? Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Meetings of the Society for Text and Discourse, San Diego, CA.

Ottati, V., Graesser, A., & Rhoads, S. (1996, May). Poster presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL, May, 1996.

Nonrefereed Publications

Graesser, A.C., Burger, J., Carroll, J. et al. (2003). Question generation and answering systems: R&D for technology-enabled learning systems. Research roadmap for Federation of American Sciences. PDF version

Ryder, J.M., Graesser, A.C., Le Mentec, J.C., Louwerse, M.M., Karnavat, A., Popp, E.A., Hu, X. (2003). A dialog-based intelligent tutoring system for practicing battle command reasoning. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Technical Report.

Graesser, A.C., & Wisher, R.A. (2001). Question generation as a learning multiplier in distributed learning environments. United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Technical Report 1121.

Technical Reports

Haynes, B. C., Mathews, E. C., Jackson, G. T., Franceschetti , D., & Graesser, A. C. (2003). Incorporating Dialog into a Physics Simulation Environment (Technical Report 8-30-2003). Memphis, TN: Institute for Intelligent Systems. DOC Version

Annual Reports

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A.C. (May, 2004). Why2: Tutors that teach mental models using natural language dialog. Annual Report, ONR Contractor's meeting. Memphis, TN. PPT Version

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